Start with the difference
Description tells your reader what happened, what a source says or what a concept means. Analysis explores relationships, reasons and implications. Both have a place, but a paragraph built entirely from description can leave your argument unstated.
Ask one more question
After you summarise a point, ask: why is this relevant to my question? How does it compare with another perspective? What might explain the result? What does the evidence leave uncertain? Choose the question that genuinely advances your argument.
See the shift in practice
Description: “The study used interviews with ten participants.” Analysis: “The interviews offer detailed accounts of individual experiences, but a small, context-specific sample limits how confidently these findings can be applied elsewhere.” The second version explains a consequence of the method rather than merely naming it.
Bring the point back to your argument
A useful paragraph introduces a relevant point, draws on evidence, explains your interpretation and connects it to your wider argument. This is a flexible check, not a rigid formula. Let the purpose of the paragraph guide its structure.
Try this on your next draft
Highlight the sentences that report information in one colour and the sentences that interpret it in another. Where you have several reporting sentences in a row, look for an opportunity to explain significance. Check that your interpretation is supported by the evidence rather than adding a stronger claim than the source allows.
Use these ideas alongside your course handbook and supervisor’s guidance.